Therapeutics And Treatment Approaches

THERAPEUTICS, TREATMENT APPROACHES AND HEALTH-PROMOTING LIFESTYLE PRACTICES

In the past, researchers have placed far too much emphasis on the role of genetics and too little attention to lifestyle practices when explaining the onset and progression of chronic illness. As the gene-environment interplay has become better understood over the course of the last two decades, the importance of lifestyle factors has trumped genetics. Currently, researchers are more aggressively studying the impact of lifestyle interventions, such as increasing healthy diet, sleep, exercise, spiritual healing, and mindfulness, and reducing stress and toxin exposures. Evidence to support the power of lifestyle interventions in staving off or reversing chronic illness has begun to mount. Supporting the body’s resilience through health-promoting lifestyle practices is a low cost and effective approach to prevent and reverse chronic illness.

Balagopal P. Obesity-related cardiovascular risk in children and the role of lifestyle changes. J Cardiometab Syndr. 2006;1(4):269-74; quiz 75-6.

Bengmark S. Gut microbiota, immune development and function. Pharmacol Res. 2013;69(1):87-113.

Cohen-Cline H, Turkheimer E, Duncan GE. Access to green space, physical activity and mental health: a twin study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2015.

Cooper DM, Nemet D, Galassetti P. Exercise, stress, and inflammation in the growing child: from the bench to the playground. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2004;16(3):286-92.

Galassetti P, Riddell MC. Exercise and type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Compr Physiol. 2013;3(3):1309-36.

Guthrie DW, Sargent L, Speelman D, Parks L. Effects of parental relaxation training on glycosylated hemoglobin of children with diabetes. Patient Educ Couns. 1990;16(3):247-53.

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Llorente-Cantarero FJ, Gil-Campos M, Benitez-Sillero JD, Munoz-Villanueva MC, Tunez I, Perez-Navero JL. Prepubertal children with suitable fitness and physical activity present reduced risk of oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med. 2012;53(3):415-20.

Meguid NA, Eltohamy AM, Anwar M, Hashish AF, Elnahry A. Efficacy of selected treadmill training programme on oxidative stress in adolescents with Down syndrome. East Mediterr Health J. 2014;19 Suppl 3:S131-7.

Pearson N, Ball K, Crawford D. Mediators of longitudinal associations between television viewing and eating behaviours in adolescents. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011;8:23.

Rock BF. Taking an anthroposophic approach to care. Nurs N Z. 2014;20(11):36.

Rosa JS, Oliver SR, Flores RL, Ngo J, Milne GL, Zaldivar FP, et al. Altered inflammatory, oxidative, and metabolic responses to exercise in pediatric obesity and type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2011 Aug;12(5):464–72.

Simoes-Wust AP, Kummeling I, Mommers M, Huber MA, Rist L, van de Vijver LP, et al. Influence of alternative lifestyles on self-reported body weight and health characteristics in women. Eur J Public Health. 2014;24(2):321-7.

Timmons BW, Raha S. A pediatric perspective on inflammation and oxidative stress in response to exercise. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2008;33(2):411-9.

Walker WA. Initial intestinal colonization in the human infant and immune homeostasis. Ann Nutr Metab. 2013;63 Suppl 2:8-15.

Wlasiuk G, Vercelli D. The farm effect, or: when, what and how a farming environment protects from asthma and allergic disease. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;12(5):461-6.

DEMONSTRATED EFFICACY OF NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPEUTICS AND MULTI-TARGETING OF THERAPEUTICS

A large and growing body of literature explores the impact of integrative, natural, non-pharmacological and non-symptom suppressive healing modalities. Much of this research has been ignored by the greater medical community, and has not made it’s way from “bench to bedside” due to the lack of financial incentives for companies to promote modalities that are neither proprietary nor patentable. Many of these modalities have a long history of use in traditional cultures, among more systems-oriented healing systems, and integrative healthcare practitioners are using them with greater frequency. What’s more, new research, with more complex study design, has demonstrated that multi-targeting can be a highly effective approach when using nonpharmacological healing modalities.

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Balasubramaniam M, Telles S, Doraiswamy PM. Yoga on our minds: a systematic review of yoga for neuropsychiatric disorders. Front Psychiatry. 2012;3:117.

Biltagi MA, Baset AA, Bassiouny M, Kasrawi MA, Attia M. Omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin C and Zn supplementation in asthmatic children: a randomized self-controlled study. Acta Paediatr. 2009;98(4):737-42.

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Black DS, Milam J, Sussman S. Sitting-meditation interventions among youth: a review of treatment efficacy. Pediatrics. 2009;124(3):e532-41.

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Buccigrossi V, Nicastro E, Guarino A. Functions of intestinal microflora in children. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2013;29(1):31-8.

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Chedid V, Dhalla S, Clarke JO, Roland BC, Dunbar KB, Koh J, et al. Herbal therapy is equivalent to rifaximin for the treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Glob Adv Health Med. 2014;3(3):16-24.

Cohen-Cline H, Turkheimer E, Duncan GE. Access to green space, physical activity and mental health: a twin study. J Epidemiol Community Health [Internet]. 2015 Jan 28

Critchfield JW, van Hemert S, Ash M, Mulder L, Ashwood P. The potential role of probiotics in the management of childhood autism spectrum disorders. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2011;2011:161358.

da Costa Baptista IP, Accioly E, de Carvalho Padilha P. Effect of the use of probiotics in the treatment of children with atopic dermatitis; a literature review. Nutr Hosp. 2013;28(1):16-26.

Doman GJ. What to do about your brain-injured child, or your brain-damaged, mentally retarded, mentally deficient, cerebral-palsied, emotionally disturbed, spastic, flaccid, rigid, epileptic, autistic, athetoid, hyperactive child. 1st ed. Garden City, N.Y.,: Doubleday; 1974. xv, 291 p. p.

Drago L, Toscano M, De Vecchi E, Piconi S, Iemoli E. Changing of fecal flora and clinical effect of L. salivarius LS01 in adults with atopic dermatitis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2012;46 Suppl:S56-63.

Etxeberria U, Arias N, Boque N, Macarulla MT, Portillo MP, Martinez JA, et al. Reshaping faecal gut microbiota composition by the intake of trans-resveratrol and quercetin in highfat sucrose diet-fed rats. J Nutr Biochem. 2015.

Faber S, Zinn GM, Boggess A, Fahrenholz T, Kern JC, 2nd, Kingston HM. A cleanroom sleeping environment’s impact on markers of oxidative stress, immune dysregulation, and behavior in children with autism spectrum disorders. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015;15:71.

Fabian E, Poloskey P, Kosa L, Elmadfa I, Rethy LA. Nutritional supplements and plasma antioxidants in childhood asthma. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2013;125(11-12):309-15.

Gotink RA, Chu P, Busschbach JJ, Benson H, Fricchione GL, Hunink MG. Standardised Mindfulness-Based Interventions in Healthcare: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of RCTs. PLoS One. 2015;10(4):e0124344.

Guandalini S. Are probiotics or prebiotics useful in pediatric irritable bowel syndrome or inflammatory bowel disease? Front Med (Lausanne). 2014;1:23.

Guandalini S, Cernat E, Moscoso D. Prebiotics and probiotics in irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease in children. Benef Microbes. 2015;6(2):209-17.

Guo CH, Liu PJ, Lin KP, Chen PC. Nutritional supplement therapy improves oxidative stress, immune response, pulmonary function, and quality of life in allergic asthma patients: an open-label pilot study. Altern Med Rev. 2012;17(1):42-56.

Guthrie DW, Sargent L, Speelman D, Parks L. Effects of parental relaxation training on glycosylated hemoglobin of children with diabetes. Patient Educ Couns. 1990;16(3):247-53.

Hamre HJ, Kiene H, Ziegler R, Troger W, Meinecke C, Schnurer C, et al. Overview of the Publications From the Anthroposophic Medicine Outcomes Study (AMOS): A Whole System Evaluation Study. Glob Adv Health Med. 2014;3(1):54-70.

Hamre HJ, Witt CM, Glockmann A, Ziegler R, Kienle GS, Willich SN, et al. Outcome of anthroposophic medication therapy in chronic disease: a 12-month prospective cohort study. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2009;2:25-37.

Isolauri E, Rautava S, Salminen S. Probiotics in the development and treatment of allergic disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2012;41(4):747-62.

Karlsson Videhult F, Andersson Y, Ohlund I, Stenlund H, Hernell O, West CE. Impact of probiotics during weaning on the metabolic and inflammatory profile: follow-up at school age. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2015:1-6.

Kidd PM. Autism, an extreme challenge to integrative medicine. Part 2: medical management. Altern Med Rev. 2002;7(6):472-99.

Lee CY, Nurul Zaidah AS, Nur Amalina G, Muhammad Azree E, Das S, Zar CT. A review of the use of piper betel in oxidative stress disorders. Clin Ter. 2014;165(5):269-77.

Lees J. Facilitating self-healing in anthroposophic psychotherapy. Forsch Komplementmed. 2013;20(4):286-9.

Lemer PS, Optometric Extension Program Foundation. Envisioning a bright future: interventions that work for children and adults with autism spectrum disorders. Santa Ana, CA: Optometric Extension Program Foundation; 2008. xvi, 414 p. p.

Leverone D, Epstein BJ. Nonpharmacological interventions for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a focus on mind-body medicine. J Pharm Pract. 2010;23(2):101-9.

Linde K, Jonas WB, Melchart D, Worku F, Wagner H, Eitel F. Critical review and metaanalysis of serial agitated dilutions in experimental toxicology. Hum Exp Toxicol. 1994;13(7):481-92.

Lotzke D, Heusser P, Bussing A. A systematic literature review on the effectiveness of eurythmy therapy. J Integr Med. 2015.

Mabalirajan U, Ahmad T, Leishangthem GD, Joseph DA, Dinda AK, Agrawal A, et al. Beneficial effects of high dose of L-arginine on airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;125(3):626-35.

Magrone T, Jirillo E. Childhood obesity: immune response and nutritional approaches. Front Immunol. 2015;6:76.

Miller AL. The etiologies, pathophysiology, and alternative/complementary treatment of asthma. Altern Med Rev. 2001;6(1):20-47.

Norton RL, Hoffmann PR. Selenium and asthma. Mol Aspects Med. 2012;33(1):98-106.

Pilecki W, Masgutova S, Kowalewska J, Masgutov D, Akhmatova N, Poreba M, et al. The impact of rehabilitation carried out using the Masgutova Neurosensorimotor Reflex Integration method in children with cerebral palsy on the results of brain stem auditory potential examinations. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2012;21(3):363-71.

Prentice AM, van der Merwe L. Impact of fatty acid status on immune function of children in low-income countries. Matern Child Nutr. 2011;7 Suppl 2:89-98.

Rasool M, Malik A, Qureshi MS, Manan A, Pushparaj PN, Asif M, et al. Recent updates in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders using natural compounds. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:979730.

Rioux J. A complex, nonlinear dynamic systems perspective on Ayurveda and Ayurvedic research. J Altern Complement Med. 2012 Jul;18(7):709–18.

Sharma M, Haider T. Tai chi as an alternative and complementary therapy for anxiety: a systematic review. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2015;20(2):143-53.

Spilioti M, Evangeliou AE, Tramma D, Theodoridou Z, Metaxas S, Michailidi E, et al. Evidence for treatable inborn errors of metabolism in a cohort of 187 Greek patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Front Hum Neurosci. 2013;7:858.

Thompson M, Gauntlett-Gilbert J. Mindfulness with children and adolescents: effective clinical application. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2008;13(3):395-407.

Tsabouri S, Priftis KN, Chaliasos N, Siamopoulou A. Modulation of gut microbiota downregulates the development of food allergy in infancy. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2014;42(1):69-77.

Vyas U, Ranganathan N. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics: gut and beyond. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2012;2012:872716.

Verlaet AA, Noriega DB, Hermans N, Savelkoul HF. Nutrition, immunological mechanisms and dietary immunomodulation in ADHD. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2014;23(7):519-29.

Wang Y, Wu QF, Chen C, Wu LY, Yan XZ, Yu SG, et al. Revealing metabolite biomarkers for acupuncture treatment by linear programming based feature selection. BMC Syst Biol. 2012;6 Suppl 1:S15.

Wigal SB, Emmerson N, Gehricke JG, Galassetti P. Exercise: applications to childhood ADHD. J Atten Disord. 2013;17(4):279-90.

Woodman AC, Smith LE, Greenberg JS, Mailick MR. Change in autism symptoms and maladaptive behaviors in adolescence and adulthood: the role of positive family processes. J Autism Dev Disord. 2015;45(1):111-26.

ACCUPUNCTURE/ACCUPRESSURE

Ackerman SL, Lown EA, Dvorak CC, Dunn EA, Abrams DI, Horn BN, Degelman M, Cowan MJ, Mehling WE. Massage for children undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation: a qualitative report. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:792042. doi: 10.1155/2012/792042. Epub 2012 Feb 23.

Allam H, ElDine NG, Helmy G. Scalp acupuncture effect on language development in children with autism: a pilot study. J Altern Complement Med. 2008 Mar;14(2):109-14. doi: 10.1089/acm.2007.0508.

Bastani F, Khosravi M, Borimnejad L, Arbabi N. The effect of acupressure on cancer-related fatigue among school-aged children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2015. Sep-Oct;20(5):545-51. doi: 10.4103/1735-9066.164508.

Bastani F, Khosravi M, Borimnejad L, Arbabi N. Efficacy of acupuncture in children with asthma: a systematic review. Ital J Pediatr. 2015. Jul 7;41:48. doi: 10.1186/s13052-015-0155-1.

Beikmoradi A, Najafi F, Roshanaei G, Pour Esmaeil Z, Khatibian M, Ahmadi A. Acupressure and anxiety in cancer patients. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2015. Mar 31;17(3):e25919. doi: 10.5812/ircmj.25919. eCollection 2015.

Bull, L. Sunflower therapy for children with specific learning difficulties (dyslexia): a randomised, controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2007 Feb;13(1):15-24. Epub 2006 Dec 15.

Carotenuto M, Gallai B, Parisi L, Roccella M, Esposito M. Acupressure therapy for insomnia in adolescents: a polysomnographic study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2013;9:157-62. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S41892. Epub 2013 Jan 24.

Chan AS, Cheung MC, Sze SL, Leung WW. Seven-star needle stimulation improves language and social interaction of children with autistic spectrum disorders. Am J Chin Med. 2009;37(3):495-504.

Chen WX1, Wu-Li L, Wong VC. Electroacupuncture for children with autism spectrum disorder: pilot study of 2 cases. J Altern Complement Med. 2008 Oct;14(8):1057-65. doi: 10.1089/acm.2007.0823.

Elseify MY1, Mohammed NH, Alsharkawy AA, Elseoudy ME. Laser acupuncture in treatment of childhood bronchial asthma. J Complement Integr Med. 2013 Jul 9;10. pii: /j/jcim.2013.10.issue-1/jcim-2012-0006/jcim-2012-0006.xml. doi: 10.1515/jcim-2012-0006.

Gao XA, Zhu JS. [Clinical observation on hailong juanxiao recipe combined with kechuanping mounting on yongquan acupoint in treating children’ bronchial asthma in the stage of attack]. [Article in Chinese]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2005 Aug;25(8):738-40.

Golianu B, Yeh AM, Brooks M. Acupuncture for Pediatric Pain. Children (Basel). 2014 Aug 21;1(2):134-48. doi: 10.3390/children1020134.

Gottschling S, Gronwald B, Schmitt S, Schmitt C, Längler A, Leidig E, Meyer S, Baan A, Shamdeen MG, Berrang J, Graf N. Use of complementary and alternative medicine in healthy children and children with chronic medical conditions in Germany. Complement Ther Med. 2013 Apr;21 Suppl 1:S61-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2011.06.001. Epub 2011 Jul 8.

Han J. Observation on effect of acupuncture at Yuji (LU 10) on the pulmonary function of patients with bronchial asthma and immediate efficacy of relieving asthma. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 2012 Oct;32(10):891-4.

He CD, Lang BX, Jin LQ, Li B. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder treated with scalp acupuncture and EEG biofeedback therapy in children: a randomized controlled trial]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 2014 Dec;34(12):1179-83.

Hong YR1. The effects of hand-acupuncture therapy on intermittent abdominal pain in children. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi. 2005 Jun;35(3):487-93.

Jia SW, Sun TT, Fan R. Visualized study on acupuncture treatment of children autism using single photon emission computed tomography. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2008 Oct;28(10):886-9.

Lee MS, Choi TY, Shin BC, Ernst E. Acupuncture for children with autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. J Autism Dev Disord. 2012 Aug;42(8):1671-83. doi: 10.1007/s10803-011-1409-4.

Li LY, Jiang N, Zhao Y. Could acupuncture have a role in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder via modulation of BDNF expression and activation? Acupunct Med. 2014 Dec;32(6):503-5. doi: 10.1136/acupmed-2014-010602. Epub 2014 Sep 25.

Li N1, Jin BX, Li JL, Liu ZH. Treatment of autism with scalp acupuncture. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 2011 Aug;31(8):692-6.

Li YW, Zhang R. Development of studies on acupuncture treatment of childhood autism. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 2012 Jun;37(3):242-6.

Li N, Xing YJ, Zhao M, Geng WJ, Zhao M. Influence of different skin reactions of acupoint-application on clinical outcomes in the prevention and treatment of bronchial asthma. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 2014 Jun;39(3):222-7.

Lo SY. Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of autism via meridian theory. Am J Chin Med. 2012;40(1):39-56.

Miller AL. The etiologies, pathophysiology, and alternative/complementary treatment of asthma. Altern Med Rev. 2001;6(1):20-47.

Ming X1, Chen X, Wang XT, Zhang Z, Kang V, Zimmerman-Bier B. Acupuncture for treatment of autism spectrum disorders. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:679845. doi: 10.1155/2012/679845. Epub 2011 Dec 6.

Ni XQ, Zhang JY, Han XM, Yin DQ. A Meta-analysis on Acupuncture Treatment of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 2015 Aug;40(4):319-25.

Sahu JK, Kumar A, Prakash K. Randomized controlled trial of electro-acupuncture for autism spectrum disorder. Altern Med Rev. 2010 Dec;15(4):302.

Stockert K, Schneider B, Porenta G, Rath R, Nissel H, Eichler I. Laser acupuncture and probiotics in school age children with asthma: a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study of therapy guided by principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2007 Mar;18(2):160-6.

Sun JG, Sun XR. [Encephalopathy therapeutic tongue acupoint apparatus (ETTAA) for 42 cases of autism]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 2014. Jan;34(1):96-8.

Tas D, Acar HV. Does acupuncture have a positive effect on school success in children? J Tradit Chin Med. 2014 Aug;34(4):450-4.

Terwee CB. Successful treatment of food allergy with Nambudripad’s Allergy Elimination Techniques (NAET) in a 3-year old: A case report. Cases J. 2008 Sep 19;1(1):166. doi: 10.1186/1757-1626-1-166.

Wang CN, Liu Y, Wei XH, Li LX. Effects of electroacupuncture combined with behavior therapy on intelligence and behavior of children of autism. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 2007 Sep;27(9):660-2.

Wang Y, Wu QF, Chen C, Wu LY, Yan XZ, Yu SG, et al. Revealing metabolite biomarkers for acupuncture treatment by linear programming based feature selection. BMC Syst Biol. 2012;6 Suppl 1:S15.

Wong VC, Chen WX. Randomized controlled trial of electro-acupuncture for autism spectrum disorder. Altern Med Rev. 2010 Jul;15(2):136-46.

Wu X, Bai G, Wen J, Yang J. Evaluation on the therapeutic effects of digital acupoint pressure for obstetric spastic cerebral palsy. J Tradit Chin Med. 2005 Dec;25(4):247-51.

Xu XB, Liu HJ, Peng JH. [Comparative observation on acupuncture and western medicine for treatment of minimal brain dysfunction]. [Article in Chinese] Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 2007 Dec;27(12):904-6

Yan YF, Wei YY, Chen YH, Chen MM. Effect of acupuncture on rehabilitation training of child’s autism. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 2007 Jul;27(7):503-5.

Yang C, Hao Z, Zhang LL, Guo Q. Efficacy and safety of acupuncture in children: an overview of systematic reviews. Pediatr Res. 2015 Aug;78(2):112-9. doi: 10.1038/pr.2015.91. Epub 2015 May 7.

Yang YQ, Chen HP, Wang Y, Yin LM, Xu YD, Ran J. Considerations for use of acupuncture as supplemental therapy for patients with allergic asthma. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2013 Jun;44(3):254-61. doi: 10.1007/s12016-012-8321-3.

Yeh CH, Chien LC, Chiang YC, Lin SW, Huang CK, Ren D. Reduction in nausea and vomiting in children undergoing cancer chemotherapy by either appropriate or sham auricular acupuncture points with standard care. J Altern Complement Med. 2012. Apr;18(4):334-40. doi: 10.1089/acm.2011.0102.

Yu C, Zhao S, Zhao X. Treatment of simple obesity in children with photo-acupuncture. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 1998 Jun;18(6):348-50.

Yuan Q, Liu YS, Yu YT, Luo QY, Huang XR, Zeng XY. Treatment of autism children: observation on efficacy of behavior training with retention of needles on head. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 2013 Jul;33(7):609-13.

Yuan Q, Wu ZF, Wang RC, Deng JJ, Zhou HL, Lang JY. Observation on the therapeutic effect of acupuncture treatment of autism children. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 2009 Jun;34(3):183-7.

Yuan Q1, Wang RC, Wu ZF, Zhao Y, Bao XJ, Jin R. Observation on clinical therapeutic effect of Jin’s 3-needling therapy on severe autism. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 2009 Mar;29(3):177-80.

Zhang R1, Jia MX, Zhang JS, Xu XJ, Shou XJ, Zhang XT, Li L, Li N, Han SP, Han JS. Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation in children with autism and its impact on plasma levels of arginine-vasopressin and oxytocin: a prospective single-blinded controlled study. Res Dev Disabil. 2012 Jul-Aug;33(4):1136-46. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2012.02.001. Epub 2012 Mar 22.

Zhao ZQ, Jia SW, Hu S, Sun W. Evaluating the effectiveness of electro-acupuncture as a treatment for childhood autism using single photon emission computed tomography. Chin J Integr Med. 2014 Jan;20(1):19-23. doi: 10.1007/s11655-014-1680-2. Epub 2013 Dec 29.

ANTHROPOSOPHY

Alm JS, Swartz J, Björkstén B, Engstrand L, Engström J, Kühn I, Lilja G, Möllby R, Norin E, Pershagen G, Reinders C, Wreiber K, Scheynius A. An anthroposophic lifestyle and intestinal microflora in infancy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2002 Dec;13(6):402-11.

Alm JS, Swartz J, Lilja G, Scheynius A, Pershagen G. Atopy in children of families with an anthroposophic lifestyle. Lancet. 1999 May 1;353(9163):1485-8.

Andriashvili L, Karseladze R, Ulrich B. [Anthroposophic aspects of bronchial asthma treatment in childhood]. [Article in German] Georgian Med News. 2007 Mar;(144):43-8.

Büssing A, Ostermann T, Majorek M, Matthiessen PF. BMC Complement Altern Med. Eurythmy Therapy in clinical studies: a systematic literature review.2008 Mar 31;8:8. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-8-8.

Fagerstedt S, Hesla HM, Ekhager E, Rosenlund H, Mie A, Benson L, Scheynius A, Alm J. Anthroposophic lifestyle is associated with a lower incidence of food allergen sensitization in early childhood. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016 Apr;137(4):1253-6.e1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.009. Epub 2015 Dec 23.

Freitag MH. Anthroposophic parents, frequency of medical visits, and choice of physicians. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006 Jun;117(6):1510; author reply 1510-1. Epub 2006 Apr 27.

Hamre HJ, Glockmann A, Schwarz R, Riley DS, Baars EW, Kiene H, Kienle GS. Antibiotic Use in Children with Acute Respiratory or Ear Infections: Prospective Observational Comparison of Anthroposophic and Conventional Treatment under Routine Primary Care Conditions. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:243801. doi: 10.1155/2014/243801. Epub 2014 Nov 18.

Hamre HJ, Kiene H, Glockmann A, Ziegler R, Kienle GS. Long-term outcomes of anthroposophic treatment for chronic disease: a four-year follow-up analysis of 1510 patients from a prospective observational study in routine outpatient settings. BMC Res Notes. 2013 Jul 13;6:269. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-269.

Hamre HJ, Witt CM, Kienle GS, Meinecke C, Glockmann A, Ziegler R, Willich SN, Kiene H. Anthroposophic therapy for attention deficit hyperactivity: a two-year prospective study in outpatients. Int J Gen Med. 2010 Aug 30;3:239-53.

Hamre HJ, Witt CM, Glockmann A, Ziegler R, Willich SN, Kiene H. Explore (NY). Anthroposophic art therapy in chronic disease: a four-year prospective cohort study. 2007 Jul-Aug;3(4):365-71.

Jeschke E1, Ostermann T, Tabali M, Kröz M, Bockelbrink A, Witt CM, Willich SN, Matthes H. Anthroposophic medicine in pediatric primary care: a prospective, multicenter observational study on prescribing patterns. Altern Ther Health Med. 2011 Mar-Apr;17(2):18-28.

Kienle GS, Kiene H, Albonico HU. Forsch Komplementmed. [Anthroposophic medicine: health technology assessment report – short version]. [Article in German] 2006;13 Suppl 2:7-18. Epub 2006 Jun 26.

Kooreman P1, Baars EW.Patients whose GP knows complementary medicine tend to have lower costs and live longer. Eur J Health Econ. 2012 Dec;13(6):769-76. doi: 10.1007/s10198-011-0330-2. Epub 2011 Jun 22.

Lees J. Facilitating self-healing in anthroposophic psychotherapy. Forsch Komplementmed. 2013;20(4):286-9.

Lotzke D, Heusser P, Bussing A. A systematic literature review on the effectiveness of eurythmy therapy. J Integr Med. 2015.

Lenz C. [Anthroposophic pediatric care. Respecting the patient in his entirety]. [Article in German] Pflege Z. 1998 Feb;51(2):120-4.

Pampura AN. Prevalence of atopic diseases and the use of topical corticosteroids. Is there any connection? Med Hypotheses. 2005;64(3):575-8.

Stenius F, Swartz J, Lilja G, Borres M, Bottai M, Pershagen G, Scheynius A, Alm J. Allergy. Lifestyle factors and sensitization in children – the ALADDIN birth cohort. 2011 Oct;66(10):1330-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02662.x. Epub 2011 Jun 9.

Swartz J, Lindblad F, Arinell H, Theorell T, Alm J. Anthroposophic lifestyle and salivary cortisol are associated with a lower risk of sensitization during childhood. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2015 Mar;26(2):153-60. doi: 10.1111/pai.12342.

Swartz J, Stenius F, Alm J, Theorell T, Lindblad F. Acta Paediatr. 2012 Sep;101(9):979-84. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2012.02732.x. Epub 2012 Jun 1. Lifestyle and salivary cortisol at the age of 12 and 24 months.

AYURVEDA

Banerjee S, Debnath P, Rao PN, Tripathy TB, Adhikari A, Debnath PK. Ayurveda in changing scenario of diabetes management for developing safe and effective treatment choices for the future. J Complement Integr Med. 2015.

Deocaris CC, Widodo N, Wadhwa R, Kaul SC. Merger of ayurveda and tissue culture-based functional genomics: inspirations from systems biology. J Transl Med. 2008;6:14.

Rioux J. A complex, nonlinear dynamic systems perspective on Ayurveda and Ayurvedic research. J Altern Complement Med. 2012;18(7):709-18.

BIOFEEDBACK

Cotterill JA. Psychophysiological aspects of eczema. Semin Dermatol. 1990 Sep;9(3):216-9.

Guthrie DW, Sargent L, Speelman D, Parks L. Effects of parental relaxation training on glycosylated hemoglobin of children with diabetes. Patient Educ Couns. 1990 Dec;16(3):247-53.

Hammond DC. Neurofeedback with anxiety and affective disorders. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2005 Jan;14(1):105-23, vii.

Hillard B, El-Baz AS, Sears L, Tasman A, Sokhadze EM. Neurofeedback training aimed to improve focused attention and alertness in children with ADHD: a study of relative power of EEG rhythms using custom-made software application. Clin EEG Neurosci. 2013 Jul;44(3):193-202.

Knox M, Lentini J, Cummings TS, McGrady A, Whearty K, and Sancrant L. Game-based biofeedback for paediatric anxiety and depression. Ment Health Fam Med. 2011 Sep; 8(3): 195–203.

Kubik A. Neurofeedback and personal development. Przegl Lek. 2010;67(9):716-20.

Long KA, Ewing LJ, Cohen S, Skoner D, Gentile D, Koehrsen J, Howe C, Thompson AL, Rosen RK, Ganley M, Marsland AL. Preliminary evidence for the feasibility of a stress management intervention for 7- to 12-year-olds with asthma. J Asthma. 2011 Mar;48(2):162-70. doi: 10.3109/02770903.2011.554941.

Miller AL. The etiologies, pathophysiology, and alternative/complementary treatment of asthma. Altern Med Rev. 2001;6(1):20-47.

McGinnis RA1, McGrady A, Cox SA, Grower-Dowling KA. Biofeedback-assisted relaxation in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2005 Sep;28(9):2145-9.

Pignotti M, Steinberg M. Heart rate variability as an outcome measure for Thought Field Therapy in clinical practice. J Clin Psychol. 2001 Oct;57(10):1193-206.

Pop-Jordanova N, Markovska-Simoska S, Zorcec T. Neurofeedback treatment of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Prilozi. 2005 Aug;26(1):71-80.

Pop-Jordanova N, Zorcec T, Demerdzieva A. Electrodermal biofeedback in treating psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Prilozi. 2005 Dec;26(2):43-51.

Raine A. Autonomic nervous system factors underlying disinhibited, antisocial, and violent behavior. Biosocial perspectives and treatment implications. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1996 Sep 20;794:46-59.

Shockey DP, Menzies V, Glick DF, Taylor AG, Boitnott A, Rovnyak V. Preprocedural distress in children with cancer: an intervention using biofeedback and relaxation. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 2013 May-Jun;30(3):129-38. doi: 10.1177/1043454213479035. Epub 2013 Mar 29.

Steiner NJ, Frenette EC, Rene KM, Brennan RT, Perrin EC. Neurofeedback and cognitive attention training for children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in schools. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2014 Jan;35(1):18-27.

Wu B, Yu J, Wang Y. [Effect of Chinese herbs for tonifying Shen on balance of Th1 /Th2 in children with asthma in remission stage]. [Article in Chinese] Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2007 Feb;27(2):120-2.

CHINESE MEDICINE

Chan CK, Kuo ML, Shen JJ, See LC, Chang HH, Huang JL. Ding Chuan Tang, a Chinese herb decoction, could improve airway hyper-responsiveness in stabilized asthmatic children: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2006 Aug;17(5):316-22.

Du H, Wang Y, Shi Y, Yu J, Sun W, Zhang Y. Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Inflammatory Mediators in Pediatric Asthma. Mediators Inflamm. 2016;2016:5143703. doi: 10.1155/2016/5143703. Epub 2016 Jun 9.

Geng Y, Wang W, Zhang J, Bi S, Li H, Lin M. Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine herbs for tonifying Qi and kidney, and replenishing spleen on intermittent asthma in children aged 2 to 5 years old. J Tradit Chin Med. 2016 Feb;36(1):32-8.

Jaber R1. Respiratory and allergic diseases: from upper respiratory tract infections to asthma. Prim Care. 2002 Jun;29(2):231-61.

Kong DG, Zhao Y, Li GH, Chen BJ, Wang XN, Zhou HL, Lou HX, Ren DM, Shen T. The genus Litsea in traditional Chinese medicine: an ethnomedical, phytochemical and pharmacological review. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015 Apr 22;164:256-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.02.020. Epub 2015 Feb 16.

Lan Y, Zhang LL, Luo R. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children: comparative efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine and methylphenidate. J Int Med Res. 2009 May-Jun;37(3):939-48.

Li XM. Traditional Chinese herbal remedies for asthma and food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007 Jul;120(1):25-31. Epub 2007 Jun 8.

Lien AS, Jiang YD, Chih-Hsin Mou MS, Sun MF, Bih-Shya Gau RN, Yen HR6. Integrative Traditional Chinese Medicine Therapy Reduces the Risk of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016 Jun 20. pii: S0378-8741(16)30411-1. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.051

Lu A, Jiang M, Zhang C, Chan K. An integrative approach of linking traditional Chinese medicine pattern classification and biomedicine diagnosis. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012;141(2):549-56.

Ni X, Zhang-James Y, Han X, Lei S, Sun J, Zhou R. Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of ADHD: a review. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2014 Oct;23(4):853-81. doi: 10.1016/j.chc.2014.05.011.

Silva LM, Schalock M, Ayres R. A model and treatment for autism at the convergence of Chinese medicine and Western science: first 130 cases. Chin J Integr Med. 2011 Jun;17(6):421-9. doi: 10.1007/s11655-011-0635-0. Epub 2011 Jun 10.

Silva LM, Ayres R, Schalock M. Outcomes of a pilot training program in a qigong massage intervention for young children with autism. Am J Occup Ther. 2008 Sep-Oct;62(5):538-46.

Sun Y, Wang Y, Qu X, Wang J, Fang J, Zhang L. Clinical observation and treatment of hyperkinesia in children by traditional Chinese medicine. J Tradit Chin Med. 1994 Jun;14(2):105-9.

Tian XF1, Xu ZL. Treatment of infantile asthma in remission stage with Chinese medicine and new moxibustion-massage apparatus. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 2012 Feb;32(2):163-5.

Uzuner H, Bauer R, Fan TP, Guo DA, Dias A, El-Nezami H, et al. Traditional Chinese medicine research in the post-genomic era: good practice, priorities, challenges and opportunities. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012;140(3):458-68.

Wilson E, Rampp T, Wen M, Musial F, Dobos GJ. Integrative approach to migraine using traditional European, Indian and chinese medicine: a case report. Forsch Komplementmed. 2011;18(2):84-90.

Zhang J1. A review of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) from A perspective of classical Chinese medicine (CCM). J Tradit Chin Med. 2010 Mar;30(1):53-9.

Zhou X, Liu B, Wu Z, Feng Y. Integrative mining of traditional Chinese medicine literature and MEDLINE for functional gene networks. Artif Intell Med. 2007;41(2):87-104.

CHIROPRACTIC

Bellavite P. Homeopathy and integrative medicine: keeping an open mind. J Med Person. 2015;13(1):1-6.

Boehm K, Raak C, Cramer H, Lauche R, Ostermann T. Homeopathy in the treatment of fibromyalgia–a comprehensive literature-review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med. 2014;22(4):731-42.

Miller AL. The etiologies, pathophysiology, and alternative/complementary treatment of asthma. Altern Med Rev. 2001;6(1):20-47.

Rodriguez-van Lier ME, Simon LM, Gomez RE, Escalante IP. Intergrative health care method based on combined complementary medical practices: rehabilitative acupuncture, homeopathy and chiropractic. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2014;11(1):180-6.

CRANIOSACRAL

This area is being updated.

ESSENTIAL OILS

This area is being updated.

HEARTMATH

This area is being updated.

HERBS

Lee CY, Nurul Zaidah AS, Nur Amalina G, Muhammad Azree E, Das S, Zar CT. A review of the use of piper betel in oxidative stress disorders. Clin Ter. 2014;165(5):269-77.

HOMEOPATHY

Bellavite P. Homeopathy and integrative medicine: keeping an open mind. J Med Person. 2015;13(1):1-6.

Boehm K, Raak C, Cramer H, Lauche R, Ostermann T. Homeopathy in the treatment of fibromyalgia–a comprehensive literature-review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med. 2014;22(4):731-42.

MASSAGE

Guthrie DW, Sargent L, Speelman D, Parks L. Effects of parental relaxation training on glycosylated hemoglobin of children with diabetes. Patient Educ Couns. 1990;16(3):247-53.

Miller AL. The etiologies, pathophysiology, and alternative/complementary treatment of asthma. Altern Med Rev. 2001;6(1):20-47.

MEDITATION/MINDFULNESS

Balasubramaniam M, Telles S, Doraiswamy PM. Yoga on our minds: a systematic review of yoga for neuropsychiatric disorders. Front Psychiatry. 2012;3:117.

Black DS, Milam J, Sussman S. Sitting-meditation interventions among youth: a review of treatment efficacy. Pediatrics. 2009;124(3):e532-41.

Naber CM, Water-Schmeder O, Bohrer PS, Matonak K, Bernstein AL, Merchant MA. Interdisciplinary treatment for vestibular dysfunction: the effectiveness of mindfulness, cognitive-behavioral techniques, and vestibular rehabilitation. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011;145(1):117-24.

Thompson M, Gauntlett-Gilbert J. Mindfulness with children and adolescents: effective clinical application. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2008;13(3):395-407.

MIND/BODY MOVEMENT

Balasubramaniam M, Telles S, Doraiswamy PM. Yoga on our minds: a systematic review of yoga for neuropsychiatric disorders. Front Psychiatry. 2012;3:117.

Black DS, Milam J, Sussman S. Sitting-meditation interventions among youth: a review of treatment efficacy. Pediatrics. 2009;124(3):e532-41.

Leverone D, Epstein BJ. Nonpharmacological interventions for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a focus on mind-body medicine. J Pharm Pract. 2010;23(2):101-9.

Miller AL. The etiologies, pathophysiology, and alternative/complementary treatment of asthma. Altern Med Rev. 2001;6(1):20-47.

Sharma M, Haider T. Tai chi as an alternative and complementary therapy for anxiety: a systematic review. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2015;20(2):143-53.

MUSCLE TESTING

This area is being updated.

NEURODEVELOPMENTAL AND RHYTHMIC MOVEMENT

This section is a literature review of the Feldenkrais, Anat Baniel, Neurodevelopmental Movement, Rhythmic Movement methods.

Abenhaim L, Rossignol M, Vaalat J et al. The role of activity in the therapeutic management of back pain: Report of the Paris International Task Force on Back Pain. Spine. 25(4S Suppl.): 1S-33S, 2000. Peer Reviewee.

Akhmatova NK, Masgutova, SK, and Lebedinskaya OV. Clinical-immunological assessment of therapy effect of the neuro-sensory-motor integration program of reflex patterns in airway chronic inflammatory diseases. Frontiers.

Akhmatova NK, Masgutova, SK, and Lebedinskaya OV. Immunological Efficiency of MNRI Program at Treatment of Respiratory Diseases. Fronteirs.

Akhmatov EA, Akhmatova NK, Khomenkov VV, Korovkina ES, Kostinov MPMasgutova SK, Shubina IZ, and Sorokina EV,. Immunological Effects of Masgutova Neurosensorimotor Reflex Integration in Children with Recurrent Obstructive Bronchitis. Int J Neurorehabilitation Eng 2015, 2:3.

Alexander A. Perceived pain and disability decreases after Feldenkrais’ Awareness Through Movement. Masters Thesis. Cal State, Northridge, June 2006.

Balduzzi, David; Tononi, Giulio. Integrated Information in Discrete Dynamical Systems: Motivation and Theoretical Framework. PLoS Computational Biology, Jun 2008, Vol. 4(6): 1-18.

Baniel A. New possibilities: a revolutionary approach for transforming the lives of children with special needs. [Journal Article, Case Study, Pictorial] Massage & Bodywork. 2006 Dec-2007 Jan; [21]([6]): 66-8, 70, 72 passim.

Baniel, Anat. Move Into Life. Harmony Books; New York. 2009.

Baniel, Anat. Kids Beyond Limits: The Anat Baniel Method for Awakening the Brain and Transforming the Life of Your Child With Special Needs. Penguin Group; New York. 2012.

Bann, Carla M.; Sirois, Fuschia M.; Walsh, Edith G. Provider Support in Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Exploring the Role of Patient Empowerment. Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine, Jul2010, Vol. 16(7): 745-752 10.1089/acm.2009.0381.

Bearman D, Shafarman S. Feldenkrais Method in the Treatment of Chronic Pain: A Study of Efficacy and Cost Effectiveness. Am. J. Pain Management. 9 (1): 22-27, 1999. Peer Reviewed.

Bishop, Felicity L.; Yardley, Lucy; Lewith, George T. Treatment appraisals and beliefs predict adherence to complementary therapies: A prospective study using a dynamic extended self-regulation model. British Journal of Health Psychology, Nov 2008, Vol. 13(4): 701-718.

Black, J. A. . The effect of social disadvantage on motor development in young children: A comparative Study, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 8(12), 1214 22, 2007.

Bracciante LE. The body in motion: movement education provides new models for wellness. Body Sense. 2003 Spring; 3(1): 14-6. Review Article.

Buchanan PA. Ulrich BD. The Feldenkrais Method: a dynamic approach to changing motor behavior. [Review: Tutorial] Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport. 72(4):315-23, 2001 Dec. Peer Reviewed.

Connors KA, Galea MP, Said CM, Remedios LJ. Feldenkrais Method balance classes are based on principles of motor learning and postural control retraining: a qualitative research study. Physiotherapy, 2010 (article in press – need specific issue and page reference). Peer Reviewed.

Cottingham JT and J Maitland. A Three Paradigm Treatment Model Using Soft Tissue Mobilization And Guided Movement Awareness Techniques For A Patient With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Case Study. J Orthopedic Sports Phys Ther. 1997, 26: 155-167. Peer Reviewed.

Coynel, David; Marrelec, Guillaume; Perlbarg, et al. Dynamics of motor-related functional integration during motor sequence learning. NeuroImage, Jan 2010, Vol. 49(1): p759-766.

Edwards I, Jones M, Hillier S. The interpretation of experience and its relationship to body movement: a clinical reasoning perspective. Man Ther 11(1): 2-10, 2006.

Elgelid HS. Feldenkrais and Body Image. Unpublished Masters Thesis, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AK, December, 1999.

Fan, Jin; Gu, Xiaosi; Guise, Kevin G.; Liu, Xun; Fossella, John; Wang, Hongbin; Posner, Michael I. Testing the behavioral interaction and integration of attentional networks. Brain & Cognition. Jul 2009, Vol. 70(2): 209-220.